Canine Bladder Stones: Insight from Veterinarian Hanie Elfenbein, with Review from Brittany Kleszynski; Updated on 03/28/2025. Sharing on Facebook, Twitter and via Email. Print version also available.

Canine Bladder Stones: Insight from Veterinarian Hanie Elfenbein, with Review from Brittany Kleszynski; Updated on 03/28/2025. Sharing on Facebook, Twitter and via Email. Print version also available.

When your furry pal has an unfortunate accident indoors, it might be more than just them being naughty - it could be a sign of ** persistently painful urges to pee**. This issue is often linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) or bladder stones in our four-legged friends. Instead of punishing little Rover, you might be better off scheduling a visit to the vet.

What Exactly Are Bladder Stones?

These stubborn lumps are actually collections of mineral crystals that hang out in the bladder or lower urinary tract. They're typically referred to as "urolith" in vet lingo. Don't worry, kidney stones, although similar, are found in another part of the body.

In case you're wondering, bladder stones can cause quite a few problems for our canine pals. While UTIs are more common, bladder stones surface often enough that family vets are quite adept at dealing with them.

What Causes Bladder Stones in Dogs?

In most cases, it boils down to mineral crystals in the urine that clump together due to the right blend of urine acidity, incomplete bladder emptying, and surprisingly, low water intake. Once they start building up, these crystals won't budge unless conditions in the bladder change.

Some types of bladder stones develop due to the body's unique way of processing specific proteins and minerals. Since this process is genetic, particular breeds have a higher risk of developing certain types of stones.

Types of Bladder Stones in Dogs

There are several types of bladder stones out there, but two stand out: struvite and calcium oxalate. Together, they account for around 90% of all bladder stones in dogs.

Struvite is more common in females, often linked to UTIs, especially in breeds like Bichon Frises, Miniature Schnauzers, Pekingese, Pugs, Shih-tzus, and Lhasa Apso.

Calcium oxalate stones, by contrast, are more common in males, and they're linked to breeds like Standard Poodles, Miniature Schnauzers, Pomeranians, Brussels Griffons, Miniature Pinschers, Maltese, Bichon Frises, Yorkshire Terriers, and more.

Symptoms of Bladder Stones in Dogs

Bladder stone symptoms mimic those of UTIs and other lower urinary issues. You might notice your pup needing to go more often but in smaller amounts, straining to pee, or having accidents in the house. Wetting themselves isn't just a sign of anger or dissatisfaction – it could be those stones at work.

If left unchecked, these conditions can cause significant discomfort, especially around the belly area. Your pet might display signs of pain, like protectiveness of their tummy, discomfort during petting, or reluctance to be touched. In severe cases, they may even vomit, experience diarrhea, lose appetite, or become lethargic.

If your dog can't pee for 12 hours or more despite trying, they might have a urinary obstruction. This is a serious issue that can prove fatal if left untreated. It's a medical emergency, so seek veterinary attention right away.

Diagnosing Bladder Stones in Dogs

Vets usually diagnose bladder stones using a combination of urine testing and X-rays. Sometimes, they can even feel the stones during a physical exam. They'll evaluate the bladder size, pain, and overall health. Urine testing helps determine the type of stones, while X-rays show the size, shape, location, and quantity of stones. If necessary, an abdominal ultrasound may be used instead.

Treating Bladder Stones in Dogs

Treatment for bladder stones in dogs includes medical or surgical management. Medical options might involve antibiotics, pain control, and a special prescription diet that helps dissolve stones and prevents new ones from forming. These prescription diets can vary, with options like Royal Canin, Hill's, Purina, and Blue Buffalo available.

Different types of stones might require different treatments. For example, dogs with urate, xanthine, and silica stones may be placed on medication and started on vegetarian diets. Surgical removal may be necessary for certain large or persistent stones, usually through a procedure called a cystotomy.

There's no real home remedy for bladder stones. Over-the-counter supplements don't have any effect, and it's best to consult a vet if you notice any signs of a urinary issue.

The Cost of Treating Bladder Stones in Dogs

The cost of treating bladder stones in dogs varies based on the treatment. Prescription diets, which can range from $90 to $150 for a 20-pound bag or 24-can case, are an ongoing expense for most types of stones. Surgery typically costs between $2,000 and $5,000, depending on factors like the complexity and urgency of the surgery, and whether a specialist is involved.

Preventing Bladder Stones in Dogs

While bladder stones are not entirely preventable, you can reduce the risk by making sure your dog always has access to ample, clean water and by offering regular bathroom breaks. For dogs with a history of urinary crystals or bladder stones, a special prescription diet can help lower the risk of recurrence.

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