Techniques for Sowing Ginseng Seeds: A Guide to Cultivating Ginseng from Seedling
American ginseng, a native North American plant (Panax quinquefolius), has a rich history as one of the first American herbs exported, with much of the crop going to China. This shade-loving perennial is not only a valuable export but also an essential ingredient in various Asian medicines, purported to have various health benefits.
Ginseng prefers north and east-facing locations on slopes with good drainage and a 70-90 percent tree canopy shade for optimal growth. The ideal site for cultivation should be free of competitive understory plants and have generous airflow.
To grow ginseng, it's important to mimic its natural environment. The home grower can do this by stratifying the seeds, a process that involves soaking them in formaldehyde followed by fungicide, then burying them outside in moist sand or storing them in the refrigerator for 18 to 22 months. This process is necessary for ginseng seeds to germinate, and it can take up to 18 months.
When it comes to planting, the best time is in the fall to early winter. Seeds should be planted at a rate of 4-5 seeds per foot (0.3 m) and 1 1⁄2 inches (4 cm) deep. Ginseng will do well if left alone, but it's important to keep weeds away from the bed and ensure the soil is moderately moist.
Wild-ginseng planting is as simple as scratching up the soil and distributing seeds in a site with no weeds in at least partial shade where the soil drains well. Purchased ginseng seeds may already have had their flesh removed and may already be stratified.
In Germany, the company Saflax, based in Münster, is a specialist offering rare and exotic seeds, including Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng) seeds available for purchase to grow at home. It is also possible to buy ginseng seeds online from reputable sites or specialty nurseries.
Ginseng is harvested in the third year after seeding, and well-dried ginseng roots should be stored in a dry, rodent-proof container. It's crucial to note that ginseng is a threatened species in places like Virginia, where it is illegal to harvest wild stands.
American ginseng, with its complex flavor, is often compared to ginger but has a unique taste of its own. So, whether you're a seasoned gardener or a beginner, cultivating American ginseng can be a rewarding and fascinating experience. Just remember to familiarize yourself with the appearance of ginseng seedlings to avoid weeding them out, and enjoy the process of growing this valuable herb.
